Parakram Diwas

Recently the Union Culture Ministry announced that January 23, birth anniversary of Subhas Chandra Bose, would be celebrated as “Parakram Diwas” — day of courage — every year.

Some Important Fact About Subhas Chandra Bose

• Tagore gave him the title “Desh Nayak”.
• After Civil Disobedience movement, Bose called Gandhi a “Failed Political Leader”.
• In 1938 Bose was the President of Congress session at Haripur.
• In 1939 Bose elected as president of Tripuri session by defeating Gandhi’s favorite candidate Pattabhi Sitaramayya. But later, opposition from Gandhi-supporters forced him to resign from Congress.
• Bose moved on to setup Forward bloc and Kisan Sabha.
• In 1941 Bose was placed under house arrest but escaped to Kabul and sought Soviet help to defeat British. But soviets joined the allied forces in WW2, so Bose’s plan failed.
• In 1942 Captain Mohan forms Indian National Army (INA) with the help of Japanese, at Singapore.
• In 1943 Bose revives Azad Hind Fauj (INA), with recruitment of 60,000 Indians from Burma, Malaya and other Southeast Asian countries.
• Rani of Jhansi Regiment was formed as all-women-soldiers under the Azad Hind Fauj. It was led by Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan, a doctor living in Malaya since 1940.
• On October 21, 1943, Bose announced the formation of the Provisional Government of Free India (PGFI),  or, Azad Hind Government, an Indian government-in-exile. It started functioning from Singapore with 11 ministers and eight representatives from the INA.
• The government of Azad Hind soon had its own currency, court, civil code and national anthem ‘Subh Sukh Chain’. The INA had its motto, ‘Ittehad, Itmad aur Qurbani’ (unity, faith and sacrifice) and its national greeting ‘Jai Hind’.
• Immediately after the formation of the provisional government, INA declared war against the Allied forces on the Indo-Burma Front.
• In 1944, I.N.A. was in action on Indian soil, besieging Imphal (Manipur) along with Japanese troops in a campaign which ended in total failure.
• In 1945 Japan surrenders after Atomic bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
• Bose died in a plane crash in Taiwan on 18 August 1945. However, many Indians refused to believe that he had died.
• The Figgess Report (1946), the Shah Nawaz Committee (1956) and the Khosla Commission (1970) concluded that Bose died in the plane crash in Taiwan.
• The Mukherjee Commission (2005) said that Bose did not die in a plane crash. However, this report was rejected by the government.
• The Indian National Army trials (INA trials), which are also called the Red Fort trials, were held by courts-martial of a number of officers of the Indian National Army (INA) between November 1945 and May 1946, for charges variously for treason, torture, murder and abetment to murder during World War II. 
• The INA Defence Committee was a committee established by the Indian National Congress in 1945 to defend those officers of the Indian National Army who were to be charged during the INA trials.
• This committee included famous lawyers of the time, including Bhulabhai Desai, Asaf Ali, Jawaharlal Nehru, Tej Bahadur Sapru, Kailash Nath Katju and Lt. Col Horilal Varma .
• During the trial, mutiny broke out in the Royal Indian Navy, incorporating ships and shore establishments of the RIN throughout India from Karachi to Bombay and from Vizag to Calcutta.
• Most of the INA soldiers were set free after cashiering and forfeiture of pay and allowance.